diff --git a/frontend/e2e/utils/assertions.ts b/frontend/e2e/utils/assertions.ts
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+++ b/frontend/e2e/utils/assertions.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+import { expect, Page, Locator } from '@playwright/test';
+
+/**
+ * Custom Playwright assertions for E2E tests
+ * Provides domain-specific matchers for inventory operations
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Assert that an inventory item is visible with expected data
+ */
+export async function assertItemVisible(
+  page: Page,
+  itemName: string,
+  expectedData?: { quantity?: number; category?: string }
+): Promise<void> {
+  const itemRow = page.locator(`[data-testid="item-row"][data-item-name="${itemName}"]`);
+  await expect(itemRow).toBeVisible();
+
+  if (expectedData?.quantity !== undefined) {
+    const quantityCell = itemRow.locator('[data-testid="quantity-cell"]');
+    await expect(quantityCell).toContainText(expectedData.quantity.toString());
+  }
+
+  if (expectedData?.category !== undefined) {
+    const categoryCell = itemRow.locator('[data-testid="category-cell"]');
+    await expect(categoryCell).toContainText(expectedData.category);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert that a barcode scan was successful
+ */
+export async function assertScanSuccess(
+  page: Page,
+  expectedItemName: string,
+  expectedQuantityChange: number
+): Promise<void> {
+  // Check for success toast notification
+  const successToast = page.locator('[data-testid="toast-success"]');
+  await expect(successToast).toBeVisible({ timeout: 3000 });
+
+  // Verify item quantity was updated
+  const itemRow = page.locator(`[data-testid="item-row"][data-item-name="${expectedItemName}"]`);
+  await expect(itemRow).toBeVisible();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert that login form is displayed
+ */
+export async function assertLoginFormVisible(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+  const loginForm = page.locator('[data-testid="login-form"]');
+  await expect(loginForm).toBeVisible();
+
+  const usernameInput = page.locator('[data-testid="username-input"]');
+  const passwordInput = page.locator('[data-testid="password-input"]');
+  const submitButton = page.locator('[data-testid="login-submit"]');
+
+  await expect(usernameInput).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(passwordInput).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(submitButton).toBeVisible();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert that user is authenticated (on inventory page)
+ */
+export async function assertUserAuthenticated(page: Page, baseUrl: string = 'http://localhost'): Promise<void> {
+  // Check URL is on an authenticated page
+  await expect(page).toHaveURL(/inventory|dashboard|scanner/);
+
+  // Verify logout button is visible
+  const logoutButton = page.locator('[data-testid="logout-button"]');
+  await expect(logoutButton).toBeVisible();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert that admin dashboard is visible
+ */
+export async function assertAdminDashboardVisible(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+  const adminOverlay = page.locator('[data-testid="admin-overlay"]');
+  await expect(adminOverlay).toBeVisible();
+
+  // Check for tabs
+  const identityTab = page.locator('[data-testid="admin-tab-identity"]');
+  const databaseTab = page.locator('[data-testid="admin-tab-database"]');
+
+  await expect(identityTab).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(databaseTab).toBeVisible();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert that stock adjustment form is visible
+ */
+export async function assertStockAdjustmentVisible(page: Page, itemName: string): Promise<void> {
+  const adjustmentForm = page.locator('[data-testid="stock-adjustment-form"]');
+  await expect(adjustmentForm).toBeVisible();
+
+  const itemNameDisplay = page.locator(`[data-testid="adjustment-item-name"]`);
+  await expect(itemNameDisplay).toContainText(itemName);
+
+  const quantityInput = page.locator('[data-testid="adjustment-quantity-input"]');
+  await expect(quantityInput).toBeVisible();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert that AI extraction is in progress
+ */
+export async function assertAiExtractionInProgress(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+  const extractionOverlay = page.locator('[data-testid="ai-extraction-overlay"]');
+  await expect(extractionOverlay).toBeVisible();
+
+  const loadingSpinner = page.locator('[data-testid="extraction-loading"]');
+  await expect(loadingSpinner).toBeVisible();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert that AI extraction results are displayed
+ */
+export async function assertAiExtractionResults(
+  page: Page,
+  expectedFields: { name?: string; partNumber?: string; quantity?: string }
+): Promise<void> {
+  const resultsForm = page.locator('[data-testid="extraction-results-form"]');
+  await expect(resultsForm).toBeVisible();
+
+  if (expectedFields.name) {
+    const nameInput = resultsForm.locator('[data-testid="extracted-name"]');
+    await expect(nameInput).toHaveValue(expectedFields.name);
+  }
+
+  if (expectedFields.partNumber) {
+    const pnInput = resultsForm.locator('[data-testid="extracted-part-number"]');
+    await expect(pnInput).toHaveValue(expectedFields.partNumber);
+  }
+
+  if (expectedFields.quantity) {
+    const quantityInput = resultsForm.locator('[data-testid="extracted-quantity"]');
+    await expect(quantityInput).toHaveValue(expectedFields.quantity);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert that offline sync is pending
+ */
+export async function assertOfflineSyncPending(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+  const syncIndicator = page.locator('[data-testid="offline-sync-indicator"]');
+  await expect(syncIndicator).toBeVisible();
+
+  const pendingBadge = page.locator('[data-testid="sync-pending-badge"]');
+  await expect(pendingBadge).toBeVisible();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert that offline sync completed
+ */
+export async function assertOfflineSyncComplete(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+  const syncIndicator = page.locator('[data-testid="offline-sync-indicator"]');
+  await expect(syncIndicator).not.toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 });
+
+  const successBadge = page.locator('[data-testid="sync-success-badge"]');
+  await expect(successBadge).toBeVisible();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert that error message is displayed
+ */
+export async function assertErrorMessage(page: Page, errorText?: string): Promise<void> {
+  const errorToast = page.locator('[data-testid="toast-error"]');
+  await expect(errorToast).toBeVisible();
+
+  if (errorText) {
+    await expect(errorToast).toContainText(errorText);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert that category list is visible
+ */
+export async function assertCategoryListVisible(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+  const categoryList = page.locator('[data-testid="category-list"]');
+  await expect(categoryList).toBeVisible();
+
+  const categoryItems = page.locator('[data-testid="category-item"]');
+  const count = await categoryItems.count();
+  expect(count).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert that scanner interface is ready
+ */
+export async function assertScannerReady(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+  const scannerContainer = page.locator('[data-testid="scanner-container"]');
+  await expect(scannerContainer).toBeVisible();
+
+  const cameraView = page.locator('[data-testid="camera-view"]');
+  await expect(cameraView).toBeVisible();
+
+  const scanInput = page.locator('[data-testid="scan-input"]');
+  await expect(scanInput).toBeVisible();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert that item creation form is visible
+ */
+export async function assertItemCreationFormVisible(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+  const createForm = page.locator('[data-testid="create-item-form"]');
+  await expect(createForm).toBeVisible();
+
+  const nameInput = page.locator('[data-testid="item-name-input"]');
+  const categorySelect = page.locator('[data-testid="item-category-select"]');
+  const submitButton = page.locator('[data-testid="item-create-submit"]');
+
+  await expect(nameInput).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(categorySelect).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(submitButton).toBeVisible();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert element count matches expected
+ */
+export async function assertElementCount(
+  page: Page,
+  selector: string,
+  expectedCount: number
+): Promise<void> {
+  const elements = page.locator(selector);
+  const count = await elements.count();
+  expect(count).toBe(expectedCount);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert element is disabled
+ */
+export async function assertElementDisabled(locator: Locator): Promise<void> {
+  await expect(locator).toBeDisabled();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert element is enabled
+ */
+export async function assertElementEnabled(locator: Locator): Promise<void> {
+  await expect(locator).toBeEnabled();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert modal is open
+ */
+export async function assertModalOpen(page: Page, modalId: string): Promise<void> {
+  const modal = page.locator(`[data-testid="${modalId}"]`);
+  await expect(modal).toBeVisible();
+
+  const backdrop = page.locator('[data-testid="modal-backdrop"]');
+  await expect(backdrop).toBeVisible();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assert modal is closed
+ */
+export async function assertModalClosed(page: Page, modalId: string): Promise<void> {
+  const modal = page.locator(`[data-testid="${modalId}"]`);
+  await expect(modal).not.toBeVisible();
+}